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''Pax Iulia'' or ''Colonia Civitas Pacensis'' was a city in the Roman province of Lusitania, today Beja, Portugal. Already inhabited in Celtic times around 400 BC, there are indications of a Carthaginian presence, and the city is mentioned by Polybius and Claudius Ptolemy in the second century BC. It was renamed ''Pax Iulia'', "peace of the ''gens'' Julia", by Julius Caesar in 48 BC after peace was made with the Lusitani. The town became a capital of a ''conventus iuridicus'', Pacensis, in the province of Lusitania, as it was situated at a strategic road junction, with connection to Myrtilis Iulia, a harbor city in the Guadiana river. Sometime between 31 and 27 BC, during the reign of the emperor Augustus, the city was granted the ''municipium'' following the Battle of Actium. The colonists were ascribed to the ''gens Galeria''. A new designation, ''Pax Augusta'' (peace of Augustus), appears at this time, as mentioned by Strabo, Archeology has uncovered the remains of a large Roman temple (30 x 19.4 metres) from the first century AD located on the city forum,〔http://expresso.sapo.pt/arqueologia-desvendados-edificios-que-testemunham-importancia-de-beja-na-epoca-romana=f388105〕〔http://www.alenproducoes.pt/index.php?go=folio_video&tva=9&video=734〕 several inscriptions, Roman arches, fortifications and an aqueduct.〔http://www.mnarqueologia-ipmuseus.pt/images/2009.07.31_Acoriano_Oriental_pag_22_m.jpg〕 Possible locations for the Theater and Amphitheater were deduced from the current urban layout.〔http://www.formesdufoncier.org/index.php?rub=thematiques%2Fespurbains〕 File:BejaArco.jpg|Roman arch, Beja, Portugal File:Castelo pormenor.jpg|Roman arch, Beja, Portugal File:Beja27.jpg|Roman artefacts; Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal File:Beja46.jpg|Roman oil lamps; Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal File:Beja50.jpg|Terra sigillata (ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat); Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal. File:Barragem romana N S Represa.JPG|Roman dam, Cuba Municipality, Beja File:Ponte romana sobre a ribeira de Odivelas 02.png|Roman bridge over the Odivelas river, Cuba Municipality, Beja File:São Cucufate.jpg|Roman Ruins of São Cucufate, Vidigueira, Beja ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pax Julia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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